October is Selective Mutism Awareness Month: Signs to Look For & How to Support a Child with Selective Mutism
- Olivia Frichtl, LPC
- Oct 8
- 2 min read
What Is Selective Mutism?
Selective Mutism (SM) is a complex anxiety disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations—like school, public places, or work—despite being able to speak comfortably in familiar, “safe” environments such as at home with close family.
Symptoms of SM often appear between the ages of 2 and 4. While it is most commonly identified in children, the condition can persist into adolescence and adulthood if left untreated. It is more prevalent in females and affects an estimated 1 in 140 children. Approximately 70% of individuals with SM also meet the criteria for other anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder.
Signs & Symptoms of Selective Mutism
Recognizing the signs early can help a child get the support they need. Some common signs include:
Speaking freely at home but becoming completely silent in public settings
Relying on nonverbal communication such as pointing, nodding, or gesturing
Using a trusted person to relay messages in social settings
Avoiding eye contact or showing physical discomfort when expected to speak
Struggling academically or socially due to communication barriers
Selective Mutism vs. Shyness: What’s the Difference?
It’s important not to confuse selective mutism with shyness. While shy children may take time to warm up in social settings, they eventually speak. Children with SM, however, experience an intense anxiety response that makes speaking physically impossible—even when they desperately want to.
Selective mutism is not a behavioral choice or defiance; it’s an involuntary response rooted in fear and anxiety.
How You Can Support a Child with Selective Mutism
Supporting someone with SM takes time, patience, and understanding. Here are a few important ways to help:
Avoid pressure to speak: Don’t bribe, punish, or overly praise speech. These tactics can increase anxiety and reinforce fear.
Use one-sided conversations: This allows the child to feel included without the pressure to respond.
Create safe spaces: Offer quiet, low-stress environments where the child can retreat if overwhelmed.
Prepare them for social situations: Explain what to expect in advance and acknowledge their fears with compassion.
Be patient and consistent: Celebrate small steps and focus on building trust and comfort over time.
How Is Selective Mutism Treated?
The good news is that selective mutism is highly treatable. Evidence-based interventions include:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps reduce anxiety and build coping strategies.
Speech and Language Therapy: Supports communication skills in a pressure-free environment.
Medication: In some cases, anti-anxiety medication may be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
With early and consistent intervention, up to 80% of children with SM go on to speak comfortably in all settings and lead fully functional lives.
Collaboration is key—parents, teachers, therapists, and doctors must work together to provide the best care and support.
Final Thoughts
October is Selective Mutism Awareness Month—a time to raise awareness, share support, and advocate for children living with this challenging condition. By learning the signs and knowing how to help, we can create environments where children with SM feel safe, seen, and eventually heard.
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